Amine Oxidase (Copper Containing) (Nonspecified Subtype): A Promising Drug Target and Biomarker

Target Name: Amine oxidase (copper containing)

NCBI ID: P11264

Other Name(s): None

Amine Oxidase (Copper Containing) (Nonspecified Subtype): A Promising Drug Target and Biomarker

Amine oxidase (Copper Containing) (Nonspecified Subtype), also known as AOX, is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of amines, which are organic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom. Aminine oxidase enzymes are found throughout the body and are responsible for converting amines into less toxic compounds, such as uric acid and nitrogen oxides, which are then eliminated from the body. In humans, amine oxidase enzymes are encoded by the AOX gene, which is located on chromosome 11.

Recent studies have identified AOX as a potential drug target and biomarker for various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. In this article, we will explore the biology and function of AOX, as well as its potential as a drug target and biomarker.

Biochemistry and Function

Aminine oxidase (Copper Containing) (Nonspecified Subtype) is a single-chain heme enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of amines to less toxic compounds. The heme consists of a central iron atom that is surrounded by a ferrous ion, as well as a copper atom that is bound to a specific amino acid side chain. The enzyme has a characteristic K-melting point due to the presence of the copper atom, which allows it to have a relatively high melting temperature and stability.

The primary function of AOX is to convert amines, such as histidine and tyrosine, to their respective excretable metabolites, such as uric acid and nitrogen oxides. This process occurs through a series of distinct steps, including the formation of a cation-anion intermediary, the transfer of a proton, and the formation of a fully reduced amine.

AOX is not only involved in the metabolism of histidine and tyrosine but also in the detoxification of other amines, such as morphine and codeine. It has been shown that AOX is sensitive to inhibitors such as benzodiazepines and aminoglycoside antibiotics, which may affect its function in drug discovery and development.

Drug Target Potential

Aminine oxidase (Copper Containing) (Nonspecified Subtype) has been identified as a potential drug target due to its unique structure and its involvement in various physiological processes. Several studies have shown that inhibiting AOX can lead to therapeutic effects in animal models of disease.

For example, inhibition of AOX has been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in animal models of hypertension and heart failure. In addition, studies have shown that inhibition of AOX can lead to neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in rat models of neurodegenerative disorders.

Biomarker Potential

Aminine oxidase (Copper Containing) (Nonspecified Subtype) has also been identified as a potential biomarker for various diseases. The level of AOX activity in a particular tissue or sample can be used as a diagnostic or predictive marker for disease. For example, increased levels of AOX have been shown to be associated with the development of certain neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

In addition, AOX has been shown to be involved in the detoxification of other drugs, including morphine and codeine, which may be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of drug treatment in patients.

Conclusion

In conclusion, amine oxidase (Copper Containing) (Nonspecified Subtype) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of amines and has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for various diseases. The unique structure of AOX, as well as its involvement in various physiological processes, make it an attractive target for drug discovery. Further research is needed to fully understand the biology and function of AOX and its potential as a drug

Protein Name: Amine Oxidase (copper Containing) (nonspecified Subtype)

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